Name:_______________________________________________ Date:___________ Period:_______
Unit 4: Sea-Based Empires Comparison 1450-1750
Spain  | Portugal
Government
Explain the process of
state building and
expansion.
How they built and
managed their
empires? Who was in
charge? What type of
govt? | Iberian peninsula
Spain Organizes Its American Empire
Although the conquistadors were successful at
conquering territory and establishing colonies for
Spain, they were not effective at running the
colonies. Under Spanish rule, Indians were enslaved
and forced to labor on encomiendas, large
Spanish-owned plantations.
Charles I Philip II
Composite monarchy | Iberian peninsula
Portugal's colonial empire was the first established
by a European power. It began in the fifteenth
century when Portuguese kings sought trade routes
to and from the East Indies. ... In 711 the
Moors—Muslims from North Africa—conquered
much of the Iberian Peninsula
absolute monarch
Philip I
Trading Posts and/or
Colonies Established | In southern Central and South America, settlements
were founded in Panama (1519); León, Nicaragua
(1524); Cartagena (1532); Piura (1532); Quito
(1534); Trujillo (1535); Cali (1537) Bogotá (1538);
Quito (1534); Cuzco 1534); Lima (1535); Tunja,
(1539); Huamanga 1539; Arequipa (1540); Santiago
de Chile (1544) | Portugal colonized parts of South America (Brazil,
Colónia do Sacramento, Uruguay, Guanare,
Venezuela), but also made some unsuccessful
attempts to colonize North America (Newfoundland
and Labrador and Nova Scotia in Canada).
Technological
Innovations
What technologies did
this empire utilize or
develop to establish
and maintain their
sea-based empire? | Other useful everyday Spanish inventions include the
first modern version of the stapler (Juan Solozabal
and Juan Olive), the first mechanical pencil
sharpener (Ignacio Urresti), the classical guitar, and
packaged cigarettes, among many others. Spanish
inventions also include items with a fun flare. | ● Carrack (Nau) - the Oceanic Carrack (a new
and different model, and largest carrack)
● Galleon (the Oceanic Galleon)
● Square-rigged caravel (Round caravel). ...
● The Nonius.
● The Mariner's astrolabe.
● The Passarola, the first known airship.
● The Pyreliophorus.
● Tempura.
Economic  | During the Spanish colonial period, the economy was  | The Portuguese colonists adopted an economy based​
How did the trading
posts and/or colonies
contribute to this
empire’s economic
development? | based on exploitation, both of land and of Native
American labor. The first Spanish settlers organized
the encomienda system by which Spaniards were
given title to American land and ownership of the
villages on that land. | on the production of agricultural goods that were
exported to Europe. Sugar became by far the most
important Brazilian colonial product until the early
18th century, when gold and other minerals assumed
a higher importance.
Social
What social changes
were brought by the
establishment of their
trading posts and/or
colonies? | The highly-developed(advanced technology) culture,
new language(the Spanish), religion(Christianity)
and institutions of Europe were introduced into
Mexico. Spain opened up trade with other countries,
and made profits. | Portuguese mariners built the earliest trading -post
empire. They did not want to conquer territories, but
to control trade routes by forcing merchant vessels
to call at fortified t