Module 1-PHAR 380.

• Queens University

• PHAR 380

• Module 1 - Intro to Toxicology
  Monday, January 24, 2022
  11:33 AM
  Section 1: General Principles of Toxicology
  What is Toxicology?
   Basic science of poisons
   Ex: Opioids (ex. Morphine)
   Toxicity = quality of being toxic or poisonous
  o Caused by exposure to substance that is either a toxicant or
  toxin
   Toxicant = substance that will produce a harmful effect when
  administered to an organism
   Toxin = toxicant produced by living organism
  o All toxin are toxicants
  o Not all toxicants are toxins
   Xenobiotic = chemical that is foreign to the body
  o Doesn’t have to be toxic just not endogenously produced
  Dose-Response
   Dose (amount of chemical than individual is exposed to) is significant,
  often predictable, determining factor of he toxic response elicited by
  that chemical
   Can be described for an individual or a population
   Individual Dose-Response
  o Described as a change in severity of the response in an
  individual with an increasing dose of toxicant
   Described as graded response
  o If toxicant has many toxic effects there would be a different
  dose-response curve pertaining to each type of response
  o Ex: toxicant causes gastrointestinal upset as well as liver toxicity
  there would be a dose-response associated with both of those
  effects separately