This document is made available by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Using this document, you agree to use this document in accordance with theTerms of Use.INTRODUCTIONScientists have determined the complete DNA sequences of the genomes for many organisms, including humans. By analyzing patterns in those sequences, they can estimate how many genes an organism has — humans, for example, have a
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This document is made available by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Using this document, you agree to use this document in accordance with theTerms of Use.
INTRODUCTION
Scientists have determined the complete DNA sequences of the genomes for many organisms, including humans. By analyzing patterns in those sequences, they can estimate how many genes an organism has — humans, for example, have about 20,000. But sequence patterns alone don’t specifically show what each gene does. How can we figure this out?
In this activity, you will explore a tool that can be used to determine a gene’s function. You will then design your own version of this tool to examine genes that affect the colors and patterns on butterfly wings.
PART 1: Using CRISPR-Cas9 to Inactivate Genes
One way to determine a gene’s function is to inactivate, or “knock out,” that gene and then observe the effect on a cell or organism. Scientists can inactivate genes in cells growing in a lab or in model organisms, such as flies or mice.
With a partner, discuss what it means to inactivate a gene and how it could be done. Record your ideas
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