University of Washington

BIOLOGY 180

BBIO180 Final Study Guide
Gene Shit
Haploid Number: the number of different chromosomes in the cell
Ploidy: the number of each same type of chromosomes in the cell
Pleiotropic: one gene affecting many things
Polygenic Inheritance: many genes affecting one thing
Speciation / Phylogeny / Evolution
Monophyletic Group (clade): an ancestor and ALL of its descendants
Homoplasy: When common traits are evolved in two species independently rather than
inherited from a common ancestor.
Homology: When common traits are evolved as a result of a common ancestor between two
species.
Paraphyletic: an ancestor and some (but not all) of its descendants
Vicariance: isolation by a physical barrier separation that prevents genetic exchange
Allopatric Speciation: When speciation occurs due to a geographical separation.
❖ An extremely large tree falls in a forest effectively killing 90% of a mushroom
population. This is an example of what evolutionary mechanism? Genetic drift
❖ ❖
What are the five assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
1. No mutation
2. No selection
3. Random Mating
4. No genetic drift
5. No gene flow
❖ Embryonic tissues in triploblasts develop into three layers. What does each layer give
rise to? Mesoderm: organs, circulatory system, bones, muscles. Ectoderm: skin / nervous
system. Endoderm: lining of digestive tract.
❖ In environments where there is a