Arizona State University

BIO 182

42
Animal Hormones
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is a local hormone?
a. Adrenaline
b. Estrogen
c. Histamine
d. Insulin
e. Thyroxine
2. The hormones of invertebrates
a. are never secreted from glands in the head.
b. are secreted only in adulthood.
c. play no role in molting and metamorphosis.
d. have different functions from those in vertebrates.
e. require large quantities to have an effect.
3. Which of Wigglesworth’s observations of Rhodnius bugs helped describe the role of
insect hormones?
a. A blood meal triggers molting in these bugs.
b. If decapitated immediately following a blood meal, the bug will molt.
c. When two bugs are connected, they molt simultaneously.
d. When two bugs are connected, the feeding status of one can trigger molting in the
other.
e. When two bugs are decapitated and connected, they will never molt into adults.
4. Insect brain hormone serves to
a. stimulate the prothoracic gland to release the hormone that stimulates molting.
b. stimulate the corpora cardiaca to release molting hormone.
c. directly stimulate molting if food reserves are adequate.
d. inhibit molting until the insect is a certain size.
e. have a general inhibitory effect on insect growth.
5. Which of the following hormones directly stimulates an insect larva to molt?
a. Brain hormone
b. Ecdysone
c. Juvenile hormone
d. Moltin
e. Prolactin
6. Juvenile hormone be used by humans as an effective control of insect populations
because it causes
a. juvenile insects to die.
b. the insects to fail to molt.
c. the insects to fail to develop into adults.
d. even tiny insects to pupate.
e. insects to molt too quickly.
7. The neurohormones vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin are produced by
the
a. anterior pituitary and released by the posterior pituitary.
b. hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
c. pituitary and signal to the hypothalamus.
d. hypothalamus and signal to the brain.
e. pituitary and signal to the reproductive organs.
8. Which of the following is an effect of oxytocin?
a. Stimulation of uterine contractions at birth
b. Increased reabsorption of water in the kidney
c. Stimulation of tropic hormone release
d. Increased productivity of the hypothalamus
e. Increased rate of ovulation in the ovary
9. Which of these pairs correctly matches a pituitary hormone with its target organ?
a. Oxytocin–oviducts
b. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone–kidney
c. Endorphins–brain
d. Growth hormone–skin and hair
e. Luteinizing hormone–thyroid
10. The best source of pituitary hormones for medical uses today is
a. slaughtered sheep or cattle.
b. human cadavers.
c. amino acids synthesized in the laboratory.
d. genetically engineered bacteria.
e. human blood samples.
11. Under which of these conditions would a mammal need to increase thyroxine levels?
a. Following childbirth in a female
b. During illness and fever
c. When blood glucose levels are high
d. During sleep and rest
e. When exposed to cold
12. Which of the following would signal a reduction in thyrotropin release?
a. Increased levels of thyrotropin
b. Decreased levels of thyrotropin
c. Increased levels of thyroxine
d. Decreased levels of thyroxine
e. Decreased activity of the thyroid
13. Which type of goiter (enlarged thyroid) can be reduced by addition of iodine to the
diet?
a. Hyperthyroid goiter, in which the thyroxine does not turn off the pituitary
b. Hyperthyroid goiter, in which the thyroid is activated
c. Hypothyroid goiter, involving low functional thyroxine and high thyrotropin
d. Hypothyroid goiter, involving high functional thyroxine and low thyrotropin
e. All types of goiter
14. In addition to thyroxine, the mammalian thyroid gland produces
a. adrenaline.
b. calcitonin.
c. iodine.
d. prolactin.
e. thyrotropin.
15. The parathyroid glands are involved in regulation of blood levels of
a. calcium.
b. glucose.
c. iodine.
d. sodium.
e. thyroxine.
16. A lack of insulin cause diabetes mellitus because insulin is required for
a. excretion of glucose.
b. glucose breakdown.
c. glucose uptake by cells.
d. converting glucose to glycogen.
e. synthesizing glucose.
17. Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas?
a. Cortisol
b. Glucagon
c. Insulin
d. Somatostatin
e. Digestive enzymes
18. The adrenal medulla develops from nervous tissue and produces the hormone
a. epinephrine.
b. adrenocorticotropin.
c. aldosterone.
d. cholesterol.
e. cortisol.
19. Which of the following is not a function of cortisol?
a. Metabolizing fats for energy
b. Mediating response to stress
c. Slowing down metabolism of glucose
d. Stimulating the immune response
e. Metabolizing proteins for energy
20. Muscle-building anabolic steroids are known to cause all of the following effects
except
a. irregular menstrual periods in women.
b. increased body and facial hair in women.
c. increased body and facial hair in men.
d. breast enlargement in men.
e. kidney disease.
21. The hormones secreted by the gonads are synthesized from
a. complex carbohydrates.
b. amino acids.
c. cholesterol.
d. hemoglobin.
e. nucleic acids.
Answer: c
22. What determines whether a developing mammalian gonad will become an ovary or a
testis?
a. Any gonad with cells containing the Y chromosome will become a testis.
b. A steady high level of estrogens causes a gonad to become an ovary.
c. The absence of estrogens causes a gonad to become a testis.
d. The absence of androgens causes a gonad to become an ovary.
e. Presence of a Y chromosome causes the release of androgens at a critical fetal stage,
resulting in the development of testes.
Answer: e
23. Which of the following is the earliest event in puberty?
a. The pituitary produces more gonadotropins.
b. The level of circulating androgens rises in males.
c. The menstrual cycle is initiated in females.
d. The gonads differentiate into testes or ovaries.
e. Subcutaneous fat increases in males.
Answer: a
24. Vitamin D
a. is synthesized by skin cells.
b. becomes active after passing through the liver and kidneys.
c. is lipid-soluble and thus can enter cells.
d. is involved in the regulation of calcium.
e. All of the above
Answer: e
25. Growth factors
a. are paracrine hormones.
b. can be found in blood plasma and tissue extracts.
c. may act as autocrine messages during negative feedback.
d. a, b, and c
e. None of the above
Answer: d
26. Which of the following statements about hormones is false?
a. The same hormone can cause different responses in different types of cells.
b. Hormone structure evolves more rapidly than hormone function does.
c. The receptor for a hormone may be the secretory cell itself.
d. Pheromones are chemical messages that influence other individuals of the same
species.
e. None of the above
Answer: b
27. Which of the following statements about hormones is false?
a. Target cells have the appropriate receptors to bind a particular hormone.
b. The secretion, diffusion, and circulation of hormones is much slower than the
transmission of nerve impulses.
c. Hormones often control long-term physiological processes.
d. All hormones travel in the blood to target cells.
e. Both a and b
Answer: d
28. Steroid hormones
a. initiate second messenger activity.
b. bind with membrane proteins.
c. alter gene expression.
d. activate enzyme pathways.
e. bind with membrane phospholipids.
Answer: c
29. A _______ stimulus releases hormones that produce and coordinate major
developmental, physiological, and behavioral changes in the male cichlid fish of Lake
Tanganyika. The hormone transforms “wimpy” males into big, brightly colored,
aggressive, sexually attractive “macho” males.
a. chemical
b. physical
c. behavioral
d. Both a and b
e. a, b, and c
42
Animal Hormones
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is a local hormone?
a. Adrenaline
b. Estrogen
c. Histamine
d. Insulin
e. Thyroxine
2. The hormones of invertebrates
a. are never secreted from glands in the head.
b. are secreted only in adulthood.
c. play no role in molting and metamorphosis.
d. have different functions from those in vertebrates.
e. require large quantities to have an effect.
3. Which of Wigglesworth’s observations of Rhodnius bugs helped describe the role of
insect hormones?
a. A blood meal triggers molting in these bugs.
b. If decapitated immediately following a blood meal, the bug will molt.
c. When two bugs are connected, they molt simultaneously.
d. When two bugs are connected, the feeding status of one can trigger molting in the
other.
e. When two bugs are decapitated and connected, they will never molt into adults.
4. Insect brain hormone serves to
a. stimulate the prothoracic gland to release the hormone that stimulates molting.
b. stimulate the corpora cardiaca to release molting hormone.
c. directly stimulate molting if food reserves are adequate.
d. inhibit molting until the insect is a certain size.
e. have a general inhibitory effect on insect growth.
5. Which of the following hormones directly stimulates an insect larva to molt?
a. Brain hormone
b. Ecdysone
c. Juvenile hormone
d. Moltin
e. Prolactin
6. Juvenile hormone be used by humans as an effective control of insect populations
because it causes
a. juvenile insects to die.
b. the insects to fail to molt.
c. the insects to fail to develop into adults.
d. even tiny insects to pupate.
e. insects to molt too quickly.
7. The neurohormones vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin are produced by
the
a. anterior pituitary and released by the posterior pituitary.
b. hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
c. pituitary and signal to the hypothalamus.
d. hypothalamus and signal to the brain.
e. pituitary and signal to the reproductive organs.
8. Which of the following is an effect of oxytocin?
a. Stimulation of uterine contractions at birth
b. Increased reabsorption of water in the kidney
c. Stimulation of tropic hormone release
d. Increased productivity of the hypothalamus
e. Increased rate of ovulation in the ovary
9. Which of these pairs correctly matches a pituitary hormone with its target organ?
a. Oxytocin–oviducts
b. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone–kidney
c. Endorphins–brain
d. Growth hormone–skin and hair
e. Luteinizing hormone–thyroid
10. The best source of pituitary hormones for medical uses today is
a. slaughtered sheep or cattle.
b. human cadavers.
c. amino acids synthesized in the laboratory.
d. genetically engineered bacteria.
e. human blood samples.
11. Under which of these conditions would a mammal need to increase thyroxine levels?
a. Following childbirth in a female
b. During illness and fever
c. When blood glucose levels are high
d. During sleep and rest
e. When exposed to cold
12. Which of the following would signal a reduction in thyrotropin release?
a. Increased levels of thyrotropin
b. Decreased levels of thyrotropin
c. Increased levels of thyroxine
d. Decreased levels of thyroxine
e. Decreased activity of the thyroid
13. Which type of goiter (enlarged thyroid) can be reduced by addition of iodine to the
diet?
a. Hyperthyroid goiter, in which the thyroxine does not turn off the pituitary
b. Hyperthyroid goiter, in which the thyroid is activated
c. Hypothyroid goiter, involving low functional thyroxine and high thyrotropin
d. Hypothyroid goiter, involving high functional thyroxine and low thyrotropin
e. All types of goiter
14. In addition to thyroxine, the mammalian thyroid gland produces
a. adrenaline.
b. calcitonin.
c. iodine.
d. prolactin.
e. thyrotropin.
15. The parathyroid glands are involved in regulation of blood levels of
a. calcium.
b. glucose.
c. iodine.
d. sodium.
e. thyroxine.
16. A lack of insulin cause diabetes mellitus because insulin is required for
a. excretion of glucose.
b. glucose breakdown.
c. glucose uptake by cells.
d. converting glucose to glycogen.
e. synthesizing glucose.
17. Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas?
a. Cortisol
b. Glucagon
c. Insulin
d. Somatostatin
e. Digestive enzymes
18. The adrenal medulla develops from nervous tissue and produces the hormone
a. epinephrine.
b. adrenocorticotropin.
c. aldosterone.
d. cholesterol.
e. cortisol.
19. Which of the following is not a function of cortisol?
a. Metabolizing fats for energy
b. Mediating response to stress
c. Slowing down metabolism of glucose
d. Stimulating the immune response
e. Metabolizing proteins for energy
20. Muscle-building anabolic steroids are known to cause all of the following effects
except
a. irregular menstrual periods in women.
b. increased body and facial hair in women.
c. increased body and facial hair in men.
d. breast enlargement in men.
e. kidney disease.
21. The hormones secreted by the gonads are synthesized from
a. complex carbohydrates.
b. amino acids.
c. cholesterol.
d. hemoglobin.
e. nucleic acids.
Answer: c
22. What determines whether a developing mammalian gonad will become an ovary or a
testis?
a. Any gonad with cells containing the Y chromosome will become a testis.
b. A steady high level of estrogens causes a gonad to become an ovary.
c. The absence of estrogens causes a gonad to become a testis.
d. The absence of androgens causes a gonad to become an ovary.
e. Presence of a Y chromosome causes the release of androgens at a critical fetal stage,
resulting in the development of testes.
Answer: e
23. Which of the following is the earliest event in puberty?
a. The pituitary produces more gonadotropins.
b. The level of circulating androgens rises in males.
c. The menstrual cycle is initiated in females.
d. The gonads differentiate into testes or ovaries.
e. Subcutaneous fat increases in males.
Answer: a
24. Vitamin D
a. is synthesized by skin cells.
b. becomes active after passing through the liver and kidneys.
c. is lipid-soluble and thus can enter cells.
d. is involved in the regulation of calcium.
e. All of the above
Answer: e
25. Growth factors
a. are paracrine hormones.
b. can be found in blood plasma and tissue extracts.
c. may act as autocrine messages during negative feedback.
d. a, b, and c
e. None of the above
Answer: d
26. Which of the following statements about hormones is false?
a. The same hormone can cause different responses in different types of cells.
b. Hormone structure evolves more rapidly than hormone function does.
c. The receptor for a hormone may be the secretory cell itself.
d. Pheromones are chemical messages that influence other individuals of the same
species.
e. None of the above
Answer: b
27. Which of the following statements about hormones is false?
a. Target cells have the appropriate receptors to bind a particular hormone.
b. The secretion, diffusion, and circulation of hormones is much slower than the
transmission of nerve impulses.
c. Hormones often control long-term physiological processes.
d. All hormones travel in the blood to target cells.
e. Both a and b
Answer: d
28. Steroid hormones
a. initiate second messenger activity.
b. bind with membrane proteins.
c. alter gene expression.
d. activate enzyme pathways.
e. bind with membrane phospholipids.
Answer: c
29. A _______ stimulus releases hormones that produce and coordinate major
developmental, physiological, and behavioral changes in the male cichlid fish of Lake
Tanganyika. The hormone transforms “wimpy” males into big, brightly colored,
aggressive, sexually attractive “macho” males.
a. chemical
b. physical
c. behavioral
d. Both a and b
e. a, b, and c