Victorious Declarations of Knowledge Study Guide #1
ISS-210 (002/003/009)
Spring 2020 – Dr. Seven
Exam 1 - 100 pts
To succeed on the upcoming Victorious Declaration of Knowledge, please review the readings (Humans
and Other Animals Ch. 1-4 and Ishmael Ch. 1-7) the TopHat PowerPoint Lectures and your notes. Pay
particular attention to the terms and concepts listed on this study guide. If a word is listed below, you will
want to know the definition. If a further question is noted under that word, answer it to the best of your
ability. Please complete before the study session so you have time to ask questions!
Remember you also have your PAL as a resource, as well as office hours. We’re all here to help you
succeed!
 Culture- is the way of life of a given group of people (Traditions, customs, guides beliefs)
 Enculturation- people gradually absorb and internalize their particular culture/ a previously
established system of meanings and symbols that helps guide their behavior and perceptions
throughout their lives
 Comparative Approach
 Cross-cultural Perceptions- how we interpret the real, physical world as it differs across cultures
 Human-Animal Binary Opposition- one is part of our moral community, receives moral
consideration/ one is outside and can be treated as we treat other non-human animals
 Ethnocentrism- is the tendency to view one’s own culture as superior/ apply one’s cultural
values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures
 Cultural relativism- the viewpoint that behavior in one culture should not be judged by the
standards of another culture (Connected to part 2 of ^)
 Subject Vs. object- objects do not have agency, and subjects have agency
 When are animals “it” and when are animals he/she/they?
 Agency- is the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices
 Structure- the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society
interact and live together
 The Animal Turn- an increasingly scholarly interest in animals, in the relationships between
humans and other animals, and in the role and status of animals in (human) society/ is an
academic focus on animals in new terms and under new premises
- Anthrozoology- Anthrozoology (also known as human–non-human-animal studies, or HAS) is the
subset of ethnobiology that deals with interactions between humans and other animals.
- Anthropocentrism- can refer to the point of view that humans are the only, or primary, holders
of moral standing/ interprets or regards the world in terms of human values and experiences
- Ecocentric- a philosophy or perspective that places intrinsic value on all living organisms and
their natural environment, regardless of their perceived usefulness or importance to human
beings (our place in relation to others)
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