• University of Toledo

• BIOL 2150

Hardy-Weinberg Principle  A principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next only in the absence of disturbing factors – If evolution does not occur, then allele frequencies remain constant  Rarely applies in reality  Conditions for Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium – There can be no differences in the survival and reproductive success of individuals – Populations must not be added to or subtracted from by migration – There can be no new mutation – The population must be sufficiently large to prevent sampling errors – Individuals must mate at random Hominin Lineages  Important Early Hominins: o Ardi o Lucy: First bipedal hominin Modes for Speciation  Speciation: the process that produces new species  Modes: Allopatric: Vicariance, Dispersal, Sympatric Phylogenetic Trees and group types  Phylogenetic groups Homologous vs Analogous  Synapomorphies o Synapomorphies: Shared derived characters o Cladistics: Phylogenetic reconstruction on the basis of synapomorphies