• West Coast University, Ontario

• NURSING 307

 Chapter 4 Health Promotion of toddlers (1 to 3 years) Expected growth and development Physical development (anterior fontanels closes by 18 months): o Weight- at 30 months of age, 30x their birth weight o Height: grow about 7.5 cm (3 in) per year o Head/ chest circumference: equal in size by 1 yr Cognitive Development (19 to 24 months): Piaget Sensorimotor: o Object permanence is fully developed o Can demonstrate related memories of events o Domestic mimicry is evident (playing house) Preoperational: o Allows toddlers to symbolize objects and people Language development: o 1 yr- one -word sentence, holophrases o 2 yr- language increases to 300 words, uses multi word sentences o 3 yr- combines several words to create simple sentences Psychosocial development Erickson: autonomy vs shame & doubt (toddler): o Independence is paramount o Often use negativism, neg responses when expressing their independence o Ritualism, maintaining routines provides a sense of comfort Moral Development (Kohlberg’s stage): o Closely associated with cognitive development o Egocentric: toddlers are unable to see things from the perspectives of others, only view from personal point of view. Good behavior = rewards, bad behavior = punished. Self -concept development: o See themselves as separ