Grayson College
HIST B01NT US H
Logical Fallacies in Act III of The Crucible SE Name_____________________________ Date_________ Types of Fallacies/Faulty Reasoning that an audience should recognize AND avoid in their own writing and speaking. Answer Blue Question & complete items 7-10 ● Emotional Fallacies – (pathos) unfairly appeal to the audience’s emotions ● Ethica
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Logical Fallacies in Act III of The Crucible SE Name_____________________________ Date_________ Types of Fallacies/Faulty Reasoning that an audience should recognize AND avoid in their own writing and speaking. Answer Blue Question & complete items 7-10 ● Emotional Fallacies – (pathos) unfairly appeal to the audience’s emotions ● Ethical Fallacies – (ethos) unfairly advances the writer’s or speaker’s authority or character ● Logical Fallacies – (logos) depend upon faulty logic Emotional Fallacies A. Scare Tactics/Appeal to fear – try to frighten people into agreeing with the arguer by threatening them or predicting unrealistically dire consequences. Example – “If you support the president’s health care plan, you will lose your own health care plan or end up victim to death panels.” B. Bandwagon/Appeal to Popularity – encourage an audience to agree with the writer/speaker because everyone else agrees Example – Buying a little dog to carry in a big purse, like a famous person, so that you can be like that famous person C. Either/Or Choices – reduce complicated issues to only two, usually oversimplified, possible courses of action. Example – “You need an expensive car or people won’t think you’re cool.” Ethical Fallacies D. Ad Hominem/Poisoning the Well – arguments attack a person’s character rather than the person’s reasoning. Example: “Why should we think a candidate who recently divorced will keep her campaign promises?” Logical Fallacies E. Begging the Question/Circular Reasoning – occurs when the speaker/writer restates the claim (main point) in a different way. Example: “His lies are evident from the untruthful nature of his statement.” F. Faulty Analogy – an inaccurate, inappropriate, or misleading comparison between two things. Example: “A year after the release of the violent video game Annihilator, school violence tripled. Coincidence? I think not.” G. Hasty generalization/jumping to a conclusion/faulty generalization/neglect of qualifications – a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence Example: Thre
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